ESP; Definition of ESP

Definition of ESP

ESP is centered on the language appropriate to the activities of a given discipline. ESP according to Hutchinson and Waters (1987:19), “ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learner’s reason for learning.” In this connection, Dudley-Evans (1998) explains that ESP may not always focus on the language for one specific discipline or occupation, such as English for Law or English for Engineering.

Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) modified Strevens’ definition of ESP:

1.  Absolute characteristics

a)      ESP is designed to meet specific needs of the learner

b)      ESP makes use of the underlying methodology and activities of the disciplines it serves

c)      ESP is centered on the language (grammar, lexis, register), skills, discourse and genres appropriate to these activities.

2. Variable Characteristics:

a)      ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines

b)     ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of General English

c)      ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation. It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level

d)     ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students.

e)      Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language system, but it can be used with beginners.

Traditionally ESP courses were typically designed for intermediate or advanced adult learners. Nowadays many students can start to learn academic or vocational English at an earlier age and at a lower level of proficiency.

ESP must be seen as an approach not as a product. ESP is not a particular kind of language or methodology, or does it consists of a particular type of teaching material. Understood properly, it is an approach to language learning, which is based on learner need.